'Lugging' the engine would be like having it in 6th and running below 50/45mph.
Not true.
In other words, having it in too low an rpm range for the selected gear.
True.
Martin,
Lugging the engine is when the engine is below its powerband to the extent that it is straining the engine. This is accompanied by, or displayed by, bucking and/or lumpy/unsmooth running. For example, running up a steep hill 2-up fully loaded in 6th gear at 45mph would "lug" and normal C14's engine. Running at steady throttle on level ground or downhill would not. Hard acceleration can lug an engine in circumstances where smoother, gentle acceleration would not.
If you have much mechanical sympathy at all, it is pretty obvious when you are lugging an engine. Many people who should know better "rev the snot" (another slang term meaning to run the engine at much higher rpm's than necessary) out of their engines, especially in motorcycles and sports/sporty cars, because the engine makes more power in the higher rpm ranges, and they seem to think that if they are below the max torque peak they are lugging the engine.
As long as you are not straining the engine by demanding that it pull a heavy load or accelerate strongly from low rpms, it is unlikely that you have either lugged or damaged the engine in any way.
However, it is possible to get some carbon buildup on the piston and head by continuous operation at lower power settings. This is observed by a sooty or smokey-looking exhaust under hard acceleration. Your 140mph/40mile run more than likely burned out much/most of the carbon build up. The small amount of weight on the pistons being removed, the engine s/b somewhat smoother as you noticed.
To summarize, you probably were not lugging the engine, and burning off the excess carbon buildup from time to time is good for the engine as well as fun. Unfortunately, in this neck of the woods (slang for "around here") it can result in hefty fines if not done discretely.
Cheers.